PSG has now secured the prestigious cup on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired two times late to seize a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last thirteen seasons.